Levels of anxiety and depression of students and responses to online learning methods during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various aspects of human life, including education. Educational institutions, including medical faculty, are trying to use the online learning approach to continue teaching and learning. Although it has many advantages due to its flexibility, there are also some disadvantages. Previous studies have shown that online learning is significantly related to student psychological disorders such as stress, anxiety to depression, thereby reducing social skills and competence in medical students. This study aims to determine the level of anxiety and depression in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana Medical Education Study Program, during the COVID-19 pandemic and responses to the online learning system. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The questionnaire was compiled using the Indonesian version of the Health and Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) and distributed online. Data were analyzed using the SPSS ver.23 program by performing the chi-square test, with a p <0.05, considered statistically significant. Results: Based on demographic characteristics, it was found that female students got more anxiety symptoms than male students (74.8% vs. 25.2%, p=0.009), and preclinical students experienced more depression than clinical students (95.2% vs. 4.8%, p=0.037). Students who experience symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as normal, are dominated by poor learning responses (66.3% vs. 33.7%). Study programs, family income, place of residence, and semester level do not influence anxiety and depression in students. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic situation has led to poor learning responses in medical students, both those experiencing symptoms of anxiety/depression and students without symptoms (normal). © 2023, Sanglah General Hospital. All rights reserved.

Physical Rehabilitation Therapy for Long COVID-19 Patient with Respiratory Sequelae: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection has been a global pandemic since late 2019. Even though most COVID-19 patients recover fully from the disease, approximately 5–10% experience prolonged symptoms for several months following the acute COVID-19 phase, defined as long COVID-19 syndrome. Most of the sequelae are respiratory sequelae. Rehabilitation therapy is needed to overcome their respiratory sequelae and to improve their functional capacity. AIM: This systematic review discusses rehabilitation therapy for long COVID-19 syndrome with respiratory sequelae. METHODS: Using PubMed and Cochrane library, a systematic review was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines. The subject of this research was long COVID syndrome with respiratory sequelae. For rehabilitation therapy for long COVID-19 patients with respiratory sequelae, inclusion criteria were studied. Exclusion criteria were letters to the editor, editorial or commentary reports, and studies not available in full-text and not in English or Bahasa. RESULTS: Nine studies are included in this systematic review comprising two consensus statements or recommendations, one cohort retrospective study, two case studies or case reports, one review, and three experimental studies. The recommended rehabilitation program pathway using a three-tier model depends on the severity of the disease. Several rehabilitation exercises for long COVID patients with respiratory sequelae include cardiorespiratory exercise, breathing exercise, therapeutic exercise, and even traditional Chinese fitness models such as Liuzijue exercise. CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation therapy exercise helps to improve the breathing effort, improving dyspnea, and respiratory muscle strength in long COVID patients with respiratory sequelae.

Chest therapy and breathing exercise in covid-19 patient: A case report

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has several clinical manifestations from asymptomatic to critical condition. Shortness of breath is one of the hallmark symptoms of COVID-19 infection. The main medical management for shortness of breath in COVID-19 infection is oxygen therapy. Physiotherapy and medical rehabilitation such as breathing exercise and chest physiotherapy can be adjuvant therapy that effectively improves breathing effort in COVID-19 patients. This case report will describe breathing exercises and chest therapy done in a patient with a COVID-19 infection. Case: In this study, we presented the case of a 53-year-old female patient with complaints of fever, cough, fatigue, anosmia, shortness of breath, and diagnosis with confirmed COVID-19 infection based on swab PCR result. On admission in the isolation ward, the patient was on non-invasive ventilation (NIV), medical medication, and physical therapy. The physical therapy done in this patient was breathing exercise and chest therapy once daily. After four series of chest therapy and breathing exercise, the shortness of breath and her breathing effort was improved. The patient was discharged after 15 days of hospitalization. Conclusion: This case shows the utility of chest therapy and breathing exercise as a physical rehabilitation treatment for the COVID-19 patient. This physical therapy helps to maximize lung expansion and improve the patient’s breathing effort. © 2021, Sanglah General Hospital. All rights reserved.